Twentysix Gasoline Stations is credited as being the defining artist's book of the modern era, and was the first artist's book by Ed Ruscha.

Published in April 1963 on Ruscha's own imprint National Excelsior Press, the work has become famous as a major influence on artist's book culture, especially in America. The book reproduces 26 photographs of gasoline stations next to captions indicating their brand and location. From the first service station, 'Bob's Service' in Los Angeles, where Ruscha lived, the book follows a journey back to Oklahoma City where the artist had grown up, and where his mother still lived. The last image is of a Fina Gasoline Station in Groom, Texas, which Ruscha has suggested should be seen as the beginning of the return journey, 'like a coda'.

Originally printed in a numbered edition of 400, a second edition of 500 was published in 1967 and a third of 3000 in 1969. Neither of these later editions was numbered. It has been suggested that these reprints were a deliberate attempt to flood the market in order to maintain the book's status as a cheap, mass-produced commodity. The book had originally sold for $3.50.

The image of Standard Station, Amarillo, Texas, from within the book, was the source for Ruscha's iconic Standard Station paintings and prints. Ruscha transformed the image with a radical foreshortening which centres the composition around a plunging diagonal line.

The Wikipedia entry for Artist's Book illustrates Twentysix Gasoline Stations as the visual reference for the term.